Abstract

Early Emotional Maltreatment (EEM) is a major risk factor for impairments in social functioning and mental health. EEM is one of the emotional neglects and it constitutes a major public health concern with devastating consequences to the individual and society as a whole. Based on this background the study adopted a qualitative approach and data was collected using unstructured interviews. The sample consisted participants from different social economic backgrounds aged between 10 to 46 years old. The study findings established that the emotional neglect occurs as parental rejection, feeling unloved, violence in the family, discrimination, emotionally unavailable parents, discovering the existence of a step family, separation/divorce just to mention a few. The EEM manifest in the individual’s daily life though unconsciously as anger outburst, resentment/hatred, bitterness, poor relations with the peers and parents, low self-confidence, cannot handle criticism, rebellion, poor academic performance, loneliness, mistrust, fear, feelings of inadequacy, drug and substance abuse and in extreme cases hopelessness, depression and suicidal tendencies. The study recommends empowerment of the children to accept themselves, express their thoughts and feelings, and create awareness among parents and caregivers to be responsive to children’s thoughts and feelings therefore promote holistic growth.

Highlights

  • Resilience is characterized by a positive adaptation to adversity, or a bouncing-back from a negative event (Snyder, Lopez, & Pedrotti, 2010; Theron, 2010)

  • Other potential mediators of the relationship between childhood emotional maltreatment and later mental health problems that have received some support in the literature include emotional dysregulation (Coates & Messman-Moore, 2014), immature coping styles and low self-esteem (Finza-Dottan & Karu, 2006), hopelessness (Hamilton et al, 2013), and negative automatic thoughts (Gibb, Benas, Crossett, & Uhrlass, 2007)

  • While emotional neglect is a more singular construct, emotional maltreatment encompasses a variety of different parental actions and it could be that specific types of emotional abuse have specific effects on mental health

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Summary

Introduction

Resilience is characterized by a positive adaptation to adversity, or a bouncing-back from a negative event (Snyder, Lopez, & Pedrotti, 2010; Theron, 2010). Despite the high rate of co-occurrence with other forms of child abuse (Bruce, Heimberg, Blanco, Schneier, & Liebowitz, 2012; Vachon, Krueger, Rogosch, Cicchetti, 2015; Waxman, Fenton, Skodol, Grant, & Hasin, 2014), the independent effects of emotional maltreatment on poor mental and physical health outcomes are rarely investigated and not well understood. Emotional maltreatment encompasses both acts of com-mission (i.e., emotional abuse) and acts of omission (i.e., emotional neglect).

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