Abstract
Deep learning techniques have greatly improved the efficiency and accuracy of building extraction using remote sensing images. However, high-quality building outline extraction results that can be applied to the field of surveying and mapping remain a significant challenge. In practice, most building extraction tasks are manually executed. Therefore, an automated procedure of a building outline with a precise position is required. In this study, we directly used the U2-net semantic segmentation model to extract the building outline. The extraction results showed that the U2-net model can provide the building outline with better accuracy and a more precise position than other models based on comparisons with semantic segmentation models (Segnet, U-Net, and FCN) and edge detection models (RCF, HED, and DexiNed) applied for two datasets (Nanjing and Wuhan University (WHU)). We also modified the binary cross-entropy loss function in the U2-net model into a multiclass cross-entropy loss function to directly generate the binary map with the building outline and background. We achieved a further refined outline of the building, thus showing that with the modified U2-net model, it is not necessary to use non-maximum suppression as a post-processing step, as in the other edge detection models, to refine the edge map. Moreover, the modified model is less affected by the sample imbalance problem. Finally, we created an image-to-image program to further validate the modified U2-net semantic segmentation model for building outline extraction.
Highlights
With the rapid development of aerospace, high-resolution remote sensing images have become increasingly accessible and convenient to use [1]
We compared with the semantic segmentation model
Experimental results on the Nanjing dataset with semantic segmentation models
Summary
With the rapid development of aerospace, high-resolution remote sensing images have become increasingly accessible and convenient to use [1]. Extracting building information from remote sensing images is beneficial as it allows us to quantify the spatial distribution characteristics of buildings. Such information is priceless for urban planning [2,3], disaster management [4,5], land use change [6], mapping [7,8,9] and many other applications. With the continuous advancement of deep learning technology, there has been significant progress in building edge extraction [10,11,12]; it is still a large challenge to automatically extract clear and precise building edges from remote sensing images in practical applications
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