Abstract
The discovery of orthognathic surgical techniques led to an explosion of the scope of oral surgery. In the latter half of the 20th century, the elucidation of the biologic basis of corrective jaw and craniofacial surgery expanded the armamentarium of surgeons and even led to a change in the name of the specialty to oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). In the United States, training programs increased from 36 to 48 months to meet the educational demands of the expanded scope. The desire for additional medical and surgical training also led to innovation in the surgical residency programs of the specialty. Armed with a more comprehensive surgical experience, oral and maxillofacial surgeons migrated from the tertiary care educational facilities to community private practices to deliver these services.
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