Building models of quarks and gluons with an arbitrary number of colors using Cartan-Polyakov loops

Abstract

In this work we introduce the concept of Cartan-Polyakov loops, a special subset of Polyakov loops in the fundamental and antifundamental representation of the SU(Nc) group, ℓF,k and ℓ‾F,k respectively, with charges k=1,…,(Nc−1)/2. It constitutes a sufficient set of independent degrees of freedom and it is used to parametrize the thermal Wilson line. Polyakov loops not contained in this set are classified as non-Cartan-Polyakov loops. Using properties of the characteristic polynomial of the thermal Wilson line, we write a non-Cartan-Polyakov loop charge decomposition formula. This formalism allows one to readily build effective models of quarks and gluons with an arbitrary number of colors. We apply it to the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and to an effective glue model, in the mean field approximation, showing how to directly extend these models to higher values of Nc.