Abstract
Because the number of air quality measurement stations governed by a public authority is limited, many methodologies have been developed in order to integrate low-cost sensors and to improve the spatial density of air quality measurements. However, at the large-scale level, the integration of a huge number of sensors brings many challenges. The volume, velocity and processing requirements regarding the management of the sensor life cycle and the operation of system services overcome the capabilities of the centralized cloud model. In this paper, we present the methodology and the architectural framework for building large-scale sensing infrastructure for air quality monitoring applicable in urban scenarios. The proposed tiered architectural solution based on the adopted fog computing model is capable of handling the processing requirements of a large-scale application, while at the same time sustaining real-time performance. Furthermore, the proposed methodology introduces the collection of methods for the management of edge-tier node operation through different phases of the node life cycle, including the methods for node commission, provision, fault detection and recovery. The related sensor-side processing is encapsulated in the form of microservices that reside on the different tiers of system architecture. The operation of system microservices and their collaboration was verified through the presented experimental case study.
Highlights
In recent years, rapid population growth in urban environments coupled with the evolution of society is creating structural challenges for the functioning of large cities
We present the results produced by the services forming our Air Quality Monitoring (AQM) system during a real experiment
Because the input for these services is the time series of raw sensor measurements gathered from the low-cost sensors connected to Node #1.1, the operation of services is enabled during all phases of the node life cycle, after the node-to-device communication pathway and sensor initialization
Summary
Rapid population growth in urban environments coupled with the evolution of society is creating structural challenges for the functioning of large cities. A smart city concept tries to overcome these challenges and to satisfy the needs of citizens using modern technology. Aside from the structural challenges, the growth of the population of cities (50% population is living in urban areas nowadays, with a prediction of 70% of the world population in 2050 [2]) influences the increase in the air pollution in the city. The citizens expect a better quality of life in the cities, which leads to an expectation of high air quality, among other parameters. High air quality is quite important to ensure the future development of the city, considering attracting tourists and investors that would increase its businesses growth
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