Abstract
This paper presents the results obtained from the thermal analysis of a set of geomaterials (clays, pyroclastic materials, and industrial recycled materials) to be used as raw materials for the synthesis of geopolymers, specifically designed for the conservation of Cultural Heritage (CH) buildings, particularly in seismic hazard zones such as Sicily. X-ray diffraction and gas volumetric analysis (calcimetry) were applied to this set of raw materials in order to characterize the materials from the chemical and structural point of view. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), TG coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize their thermal behavior. The statistical treatment of the thermogravimetric data by principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis highlights the direct relation between the thermal data and the material composition that will be exploited for the selection of the best materials to obtain geopolymers specifically designed for the conservation of CH buildings.
Highlights
New materials used for Cultural Heritage (CH) conservation purposes should respect the requirements of compatibility with the original materials from a chemical, physical, and mechanical point of view
This paper presents the results obtained from the analysis of a wide number of geomaterials selected as potential raw materials for the synthesis of geopolymers designed for the conservation of CH buildings, in seismic hazard zones such as Sicily
The thermal analysis of clays allows separating the different steps of water release, that is to distinguish the various types of water present [23]
Summary
New materials used for Cultural Heritage (CH) conservation purposes should respect the requirements of compatibility with the original materials from a chemical, physical, and mechanical point of view. Geopolymer matrixes have recently been investigated to evaluate their applicability to the restoration and conservation of CH as repair material in ancient building [2,3,4,5,6], restoration works of historical buildings characterized by reddish façades [7], tiles conservation [8], structural retrofitting of masonry [9], and mortars preparation for different purposes [10,11,12] These papers focused their attention on the effect of the use of different alkaline activators, different water/. The wide set of materials required a statistical analysis of the thermogravimetric data by means of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA)
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