Abstract
Complex and tall buildings have been constructed in many cities recently. Fire safety should be a major concern of building designers, engineers, and governments. Previous fire experience has made us understand the importance of acquiring fire-ground information to facilitate firefighting operations, evacuation processes, rescues, etc. Recently, the rapid advancement in Information Technology, Data Analytics, and other detection and monitoring systems has provided the basis for fire safety researchers to re-think fire safety strategies in the built environment. Amongst all fire safety studies, evacuation in tall buildings, including elevator evacuations, has attracted much attention. IoT-aided building fire evacuation is a new concept of the building evacuation mode, which improves the building evacuation process by making decisions of escape based on the real-time fire-ground information, such as the fire environment and occupant situations. Focusing on IoT applications in building fire evacuation, this paper explores the advantages and insufficiencies of current smart building fire evacuation systems. A conceptual design of an IoT-aided building fire evacuation control system is described. The system is introduced in the sequence of information needs, information sources and data transmission, and potential services and applications. Finally, new insights into promising 5G technologies for future building fire evacuations are discussed.
Highlights
By considering that not everyone is necessarily equipped with a smartphone or has downloaded the application, which means that some people may not be able to receive the guidance, another approach for evacuation guidance using “smart exit signs” was proposed by several authors [28,40,51,52,53]
By establishing the perception layer and fits the needs of a diverse range of speed, bandwidth, and quality of service requirements, network layer of the proposed Internet of Things (IoT) system, the ubiquitous sensors and various communimaking the nature of the 5G communications more suitable for future IoT system design cation networks can be integrated to enable the monitoring of the fire environment and requirements [79]
The IoT-aided building fire evacuation is a new concept of building evacuation mode which enhances the building fire evacuation, including the elevator evacuation process, by making the most appropriate evacuation strategies based on the real-time fire-ground information, such as fire environment and occupants’ situations
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The major deficiencies include inadequate situational awareness of interior fire environments, less effective communication between occupants and rescuers, and a lack of systematic analyses of evacuation strategies If these insufficiencies cannot be addressed, the tragedy of the Grenfell Tower fire is likely to happen again. Tall building fire evacuation insufficiencies come from the inadequate perception of fire-ground information and the lack of effective communication means between the interior and exterior of the Buildings 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW. Tall build of 24 ing fire evacuation insufficiencies come from the inadequate perception of fire-ground information and the lack of effective communication means between the interior and exterior of the incident premise. With the development of user interfaces in the application layer to access various IoT-based services, monitoring and control of the smart building facilities can be enabled
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