Building energy management system for transactive energy framework

Abstract

A novel Building Energy Management System (BEMS) based on Transactive Energy (TE) principles is presented which schedules the household appliances according to applicable time-of-use (TOU) prices, expected distributed energy resource generation, and user preferences for economy. The appliances in households are divided into four categories: uncontrolled (such as refrigerators, lights), deferrable (like washing machine, rice cooker, etc), controlled (such as air-conditioning), and energy storage devices. Mathematical models are presented for electricity usage for each type of appliance, and their operation constraints. The proposed BEMS minimizes the cost of electricity used along with minimizing the virtual costs (i.e. maximize usage value of electricity) associated with ageing of storage devices, thermal discomfort and waiting for services of different deferrable appliances. The problem is formed as a non-linear constrained optimization problem which is solved using a hybrid gradient descent algorithm. Simulations results are presented in MATLAB for different user preferences to verify the efficacy of the proposed algorithm. Proposed BEMS can also be utilized for estimating demand response (DR) from the consumer for given change in TOU prices.