Abstract
Climate change-related natural disasters, including wildfires and extreme weather events, such as intense storms, floods, and heatwaves, are increasing in frequency and intensity. These events are already profoundly affecting human health in the United States and globally, challenging the ability of communities to prepare, respond, and recover. The purpose of this research was to examine the peer-reviewed literature on community resilience initiatives in one of the most densely populated and economically important regions, the Northeastern United States, and to identify evidence-based interventions and metrics that had been field-tested and evaluated. This paper addresses two critical gaps in the literature: (1) what strategies or interventions have been implemented to build or enhance community resilience against climate change-related natural disasters; and (2) what metrics were used to measure community resilience as an outcome of those strategies or interventions? This review provides a succinct list of effective interventions with specific health outcomes. Community or state-level health officials can use the results to prioritize public health interventions. This review used existing database search tools to discover 205 studies related to community resilience and health outcomes. Methods set criteria to assess if interventions were able to measure and change levels of community resilience to the health impacts associated with a changing climate. Criteria included: (a) alignment with the United States’ National Preparedness Goal for reducing risks to human health and for recovering quickly from disasters; (b) derived from publicly available data sources; (c) developed for use by communities at a local scale; and (d) accessible to modestly resourced municipalities and county health agencies. Five (5) peer-reviewed, evidence-based studies met all of the selection criteria. Three of these articles described intervention frameworks and two reported on the use of standardized tools. Health-related outcomes included mental health impacts (PTSD/depression), mental stress, emergency preparedness knowledge, social capital skills, and emergency planning skills. The paper recommends the COAST project, COPEWELL Rubric for self-assessment, and Ready CDC intervention as examples of strategies that could be adapted by any community engaged in building community resilience.
Highlights
The literature review yielded 24 articles that demonstrated a range of interventions and metrics related to community resilience in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states
We were interested in locating studies to serve as models for local public health planners and for communities with modest resources to help a community prepare for, withstand, recover from, and prevent the physical and mental health impacts of a climate changerelated natural disaster
This research identified five peer-reviewed articles to serve as models for future community resilience initiatives
Summary
Climate change-related natural disasters, including wildfires and extreme weather events, such as intense storms, floods, and heatwaves, are increasing in frequency and intensity in the Northeastern United States and globally [1,2,3]. These events challenge the ability of communities to prepare, respond, and recover, resulting in impacts to both human health and community resilience [1,2]. Natural disasters and extreme weather events affect the public’s physical or mental health through injury and other trauma, vector-borne diseases, heat-related illness, and illness resulting from reduced air and Sustainability 2021, 13, 11699. Natural disasters impact the overall functioning of a community by overwhelming available healthcare and disaster response resources [6]
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