Abstract
Killing bacteria, eliminating biofilm and building soft tissue integration are very important for percutaneous implants which service in a complicated environment. In order to endow Ti implants with above abilities, multifunctional coatings consisted of Fe2O3–FeOOH nanograins as an outer layer and Zn doped microporous TiO2 as an inner layer were fabricated by micro-arc oxidation, hydrothermal treatment and annealing treatment. The microstructures, physicochemical properties and photothermal response of the coatings were observed; their antibacterial efficiencies and cell response in vitro as well as biofilm elimination and soft tissue integration in vivo were evaluated. The results show that with the increased annealing temperature, coating morphologies didn't change obviously, but lattices of β-FeOOH gradually disorganized into amorphous state and rearranged to form Fe2O3. The coating annealed at 450 °C (MA450) had nanocrystallized Fe2O3 and β-FeOOH. With a proper NIR irradiation strategy, MA450 killed adhered bacteria efficiently and increased fibroblast behaviors via up-regulating fibrogenic-related genes in vitro; in an infected model, MA450 eliminated biofilm, reduced inflammatory response and improved biointegration with soft tissue. The good performance of MA450 was due to a synergic effect of photothermal response and released ions (Zn2+ and Fe3+).
Highlights
Ti and its alloys with excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility have been widely applied in intra osseous transcutaneous implants, such as dental implants and percuta neous prosthetics
A part of monocryallized β-FeOOH (MH) samples were annealed in a muffle furnace for 2 h at 350 ◦C, 450 ◦C and 550 ◦C, respectively, and they were labeled as MA350, MA450 and MA550 according to the annealing temperature
A multifunctional Fe2O3–FeOOH/TiO2 coating was prepared on Ti by micro-arc oxidation (MAO), hydrothermal treatment (HT) and annealing treatment
Summary
Ti and its alloys with excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility have been widely applied in intra osseous transcutaneous implants, such as dental implants and percuta neous prosthetics. Besides good osseointegration with host bone, biointegration with soft tissue is prerequisite for percutaneous implants to prevent bacterial infection and epithelium downgrowth [1,2]. How ever, Ti is bioinert and lacks antibacterial activity. It can’t improve tissue-forming cell response, and bacteria may adhere on implant sur faces prior to cells, form biofilm and impede biointegration. After postoperative anti-infection management (e.g. intravenous antibiotics), most of bacteria can be killed and weak biointegration may form on percutaneous parts in initial period. An ideal coating, which can timely kill the invasion bacteria and help to rebuild soft tissue integration after bacteria eradication during the long service life is needed
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