Abstract
Russia is one of the most active investors in nanotech industry in the world. At the same time, formation of the Russian nano-industry restrains the undeveloped institutional environment and lack of an integrated approach to nano-industrial policy. In this article actual problems of institutional regulation of the nanotechnological industry in Russia are considered. The main problem of regulation of nano-industry is discrepancy of definitions and classifications of nanotechnologies. Russian nano-industrial policy has inconsistent character, it combines elements of policy of import substitution and new industrial policy. At modernization of the Program of development of nano-industry in the Russian Federation it is necessary to construct regulatory policy on the principles of new industrial policy. Differentiation of methods and instruments of support of nano-industrial firms and research organizations on the basis of the detailed classification of nanotechnologies is necessary. Strategy of development of nanotech industry has to include a complex of the segment-focused marketing strategies of development of different types of nanotechnologies and nanotechnological productions. Special value has active involvement of a wide range of stakeholders of nano-industry in dialogue with the state on minimization of barriers and increase of efficiency of generation and commercialization of innovations, strengthenings of requirements to safety and developments of voluntary institutional initiatives. Stimulation of interdisciplinary integration and interindustrial collaboration within convergence of quickly developing technologies is perspective. The complex interrelation of the directions and forms of regulation and support of nano-industry on micro, meso - and macrolevels will allow to increase efficiency of its regulation and development of national innovative system in general. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s6p81
Highlights
Nano-technologies are a conglomerate of the most rapidly developing technologies, which have the potential to be widely used in various industrial sectors
Nanotechnologies institutional regulation problems analysis in Russia may be of great help for other developing countries and high-tech sectors
The institutionalization of nano-industry is realized in four directions: − formation of the nanotechnological institutions – types of economic activity connected with nanotechnologies, including specialties, professions, forms of consumption and leisure, types of innovative business, industries and interindustry complexes; − the statement of stakeholders, constituents and groups of influence which collective interests directly or indirectly correspond to development of nanotech industry; − creation of institutes of development and the bodies regulators of nano-industry providing its operated and controlled evolution, and networks of nanorelevant enterprises and organizations; − development of the formal and informal institutional environment, including rules, standards, norms, values, stereotypes and beliefs
Summary
Nano-technologies are a conglomerate of the most rapidly developing technologies, which have the potential to be widely used in various industrial sectors. Russia has been actively developing world-class nano-industry and it takes the 4th place by the volume of state allocations on nanotechnologies and is among the top 10 countries by the number of research articles on nano-science. Russian nano-industry institutional regulation faces numerous problems, which restrain its development. Some of these problems are universal (i.e. they arise in almost all countries, which put special efforts into nanotechnologies’ advance), some of them are typical of a particular country. Nanotechnologies institutional regulation problems analysis in Russia may be of great help for other developing countries and high-tech sectors. The analysis of the new technologies’ institutional environment development is usually the weak point in technological evolution conception (Frolov, Ryzhkin, 2012; Frolov, 2012). The diffusion of new technologies, which initiate the economy’s entrance to market development and expansion, is followed by certain insignificant institutional changes (Hirooka, 2006, p. 25)
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