Abstract
Abstract On April 30, 1789, on the balcony of New York City’s Federal Hall, General George Washington was inaugurated the first President of the United States. Several weeks later, at Whitemarsh Plantation in Maryland, John Carroll was elected the first American bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. Carroll was elected by his peers in the American priesthood, who numbered fewer than 30 in active service at the time. Many, like Carroll himself, were Jesuits who had been serving in a freelance capacity since the suppression of their order in 1773 by Pope Clement XIV, who had feared the Jesuits’ growing international influence.
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