Abstract
Centrioles are short microtubule-based organelles with a conserved ninefold symmetry. They are essential for both centrosome formation and cilium biogenesis in most eukaryotes. A core set of five centriolar proteins has been identified and their sequential recruitment to procentrioles has been established. However, structures at atomic resolution for most of the centriolar components were scarce, and the underlying molecular mechanisms for centriole assembly had been a mystery—until recently. In this review, I briefly summarize recent advancements in high-resolution structural characterization of the core centriolar components and discuss perspectives in the field.
Highlights
Centrioles are cylindrical cellular structures present in almost all eukaryotic lineages
The field faces several challenges in this process including (i) to understand how centriole assembly is initiated, (ii) to uncover how centriole duplication is regulated by both kinases and phosphatases, (iii) to determine the high-resolution structures and the functional roles for those coiled-coil-containing centriolar proteins, and (iv) to precisely assign the relative positions and the interaction network of different centriolar proteins and their structural/functional roles
It is likely that more centriole-associated proteins will be reported in the future
Summary
Centrioles are cylindrical cellular structures present in almost all eukaryotic lineages. Centriole duplication in animals is initiated by recruiting the centriolar receptors SPD-2 and/or Asterless to the vicinity of the mother centriole These receptors recruit polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) and ZYG-1, depending on which organism is under consideration (figure 2a). Cep152, the mammalian orthologue of Asterless, is involved in both centriole duplication and PCM recruitment [34,35,36] Both Drosophila Asterless and human Cep152 bind to the CPB domain of Plk via their N-terminal acidic region [32,35]. Caenorhabditis elegans and mammalian SPD-2, and Drosophila and mammalian Asterless, contain a highly acidic region towards their N-termini, which interacts directly and tightly with their kinase partners [26] This tight interaction creates something of a puzzle as the receptors and the kinases do not seem to form a robust complex in the cell until the receptors are targeted to mother centrioles.
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