Abstract

Japanese Abstract: 最近MMT(Modern Monetary Theory,現代貨幣理論)と呼ばれる学派の主張が注目を集めているが,これまであまり理論的,あるいは数学的な分析がなされることはなかった。本稿では技術進歩による経済成長を含む世代重複モデルを用いてMMTの主張が理論的に成り立つのかどうかを検討し,それに概ね肯定的な評価を与える。基本となるのは経済が成長している場合に完全雇用を維持して行くためには継続的な財政赤字が必要であるということと,不況から回復させるためにはそれを超える財政赤字が求められ,その赤字は将来の財政黒字によって埋め合わされる必要はないということである。本稿のモデルは田中(2021)の3世代モデルを単純化したものであるが,経済成長を取り上げたり,規模に関する収穫逓増・逓減を仮定したり,インフレーションの分析をしたりなど,分析については拡張している。 English Abstract: Although the claims of the school of thought known as Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) have recently received much attention, they have not been subjected to much theoretical or mathematical analysis. This paper examines the theoretical validity of the MMT argument using an overlapping generations model that includes economic growth due to technological progress, and gives a generally positive evaluation of MMT claims. The basic idea is that sustaining full employment in a growing economy requires sustained budget deficits, while recovering from a recession requires budget deficits in excess of that. These budget deficits need not be offset by future budget surpluses. The model in this paper is a simplified version of the three-generation model of Tanaka (2021), but it has been extended to include economic growth, the assumption of decreasing or increasing returns to scale, and an analysis of inflation.

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