Abstract
This paper adopts the variational principle to derive separately the formulas calculating the critical external pressure on smooth steel linings with the initial noncircularity in a state of limited equilibrium as well as of elastic stability. It discusses the effect of the initial noncircularity on the first type of critical external pressure and introduces the terra of the initial noncircularity into Amstutz's formula from 1969. In addition, this paper analyzes in detail the buckling damage mechanism and the buckling process of smooth steel linings under external pressure. It is demonstrated that the design should be based on the first critical external pressure when high tensile steel linings are used.
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