Abstract
The main aim of this paper is essentially to point out that the Buchdahl compactness limit of a static object is given by gravitational field energy being less than or equal to half of its non-gravitational matter energy. It is thus entirely determined without any reference to interior distribution by the unique exterior solutions, the Schwarzschild for neutral and the Reissner-Nordström for charged object. In terms of surface potential, it reads as Φ(R) = (M−Q2/2R)/R ⩽ 4/9 which translates to surface red-shift being less than or equal to 3. It also prescribes an upper bound on charge an object could have, Q2/M2 ⩽ 9/8 > 1.
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