Abstract
The aim of the present study was to monitor genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of X-ray on exfoliated buccal mucosa cells and investigate the association between the effects and the accumulated absorbed doses of oral mucosa. 98 participants’ buccal mucosa cells were collected before and 10 days after different series of dental radiographs performed. Cytological preparations were successively dyed with the methods of Feulgen and fast-green, and analyzed under a light microscope. Micronuclei (MN)and other cells were scored. Accumulated absorbed dose of buccal mucosa was estimated with the method of anthropomorphic phantom and dosimeter chips. The dose rang was 0.18–3.54 mGy. A significant difference in the rate of MN cell was found before and after X-ray examinations (P = 0.008) as well as in the rates of Pyknotic (p < 0.001) and Karyolytic cell (p = 0.0021). When only the patients whose mucosa absorbed dose is lower than 1 mGy was analyzed, significant differences were not found except for Karyolytic cells (p = 0.0313). There was a correlation between the accumulated does and the change rate (ρ = 0.25, p = 0.0118). The frequency of micronuclei cells in buccal mucosa may be increased when a series of dental radiographs including a CBCT examination was performed.
Highlights
Micronucleus (MN) is an anomaly structure in eukaryotic cells
In 2008, a study performed by Rebeiro et al found that there was no significant difference for MN index in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from 39 patients before and after a panoramic examination
A series of radiographic examinations including panoramic, lateral and posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs were taken for 18 adolescents searching for orthodontic treatment, and the results indicate that the frequency of micronuclei cells was not significantly increased
Summary
Micronucleus (MN) is an anomaly structure in eukaryotic cells. It originates from chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes that lag behind at anaphase during nuclear division under physical and chemical factors. With the introduction of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to dentistry, a study for CBCT was performed and the results demonstrate a significant increase in the rates of pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis, but not for the rates of MN cells These seem to indicate a safe use of the above mentioned X-ray examinations. Machine Orthophos XG the effective radiation dose is only about 14.2 μSv, almost twice times lower than that of the Promax[8] This makes the results from the mutagenicity studies that did not provide exact radiation doses hardly being compared and impossible to find any clue that indicates the relationship between genetic damage in buccal cells and radiation dose exposed to patient. The aims of the present study were: 1) to monitor genotoxic effect of X-ray on exfoliated buccal mucosa cells during dental x-ray examinations; 2) to estimate the absorbed dose of irradiated buccal mucosa by the method of anthropomorphic phantom and thermoluminescent dosimeters; 3) to investigate the possible association between genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of X-ray on exfoliated buccal mucosal cells and the accumulated absorbed doses of oral mucosa during dental x-ray examinations. 4) to assess whether genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of X-ray on exfoliated buccal mucosal cells is more susceptible in patients younger than 18 years old
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