Abstract
The source levels, frequencies, and damping constants of individual bubbles, catastrophically generated by spilling breakers, have been measured in the NPS Ocean Acoustic Wave Facility, OAWF. OAWF consists of a 17‐m‐long×1‐m‐deep×1‐m‐wide water channel in which waves are driven by an oscillating plunger. The waves grow and then form spilling breakers on the surface of a large, nonreverberant volume at the end of the channel. Two calibrated hydrophones suffice to identify the type of bubble, its surface location, and its dipole axial source strength. The sources of the breaker noise have thereby been identified as transient bubbles of resonance frequency 350 Hz to 50 kHz, with lifetimes from 2 to 20 ms. These bubbles radiate as dipoles from positions within a few hundred μm to a few mm of the surface. The long‐term average of the bubble radiations has the same slope as the Knudsen wind wave spectra at sea, 5 dB/oct. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
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