Bubble formation pattern with weeping at a submerged orifice.

Abstract

Bubble formation phenomena with weeping at a submerged orifice were investigated experimentally over a range of orifice diameters of 3-13.2 mm. There appeared to be four regimes of interest: single bubbling at small chamber volumes and low gas flow rates, doubling noticed with increasing gas flow rate, jetting at further increase of gas flow rate and pairing at very large chamber volumes under conditions of gas flow rates smaller than those for jetting point. Empirical relationships predicting each transitional point of bubble formation regimes are obtained.