Abstract
BackgroundEndometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the three major malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. In recent years, the incidence and mortality rate of EC have increased. B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) is an anti-proliferation gene that regulates the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors, but there is no research regarding this gene in EC.MethodsBased on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we used a variety of bioinformatics tools and databases to explore the expression and prognosis of BTG1. We verified expression and prognosis of BTG1 in EC using qRT-PCR and analyzed the relevant clinicopathological parameters. We functionally enriched BTG1 and related genes in EC patients through the bioinformatics website and analyzed miRNA targets of BTG1 and interacting protein networks. Cell proliferation, wound healing, transwell invasion, and cell apoptosis assays were used to detect the effects of BTG1 on the malignant biological behavior of endometrial carcinoma cells (ECCs). The effect of BTG1 on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process was detected using western blot.ResultsWe analyzed the expression and prognosis of BTG1 based on TCGA and found that low expression of BTG1 was associated with poor EC prognosis. The qRT-PCR suggested that BTG1 had low expression in EC. BTG1 expression was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) shortening. Clinicopathological analysis suggested that expression of BTG1 was related to invasion depth and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. EC pathological tissue type, fertility history, lymphatic metastasis, menopause, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and age of diagnosis were not related. Functional enrichment analysis showed that BTG1 plays an important role in regulating embryonic development, tumorigenesis, apoptosis, and cell cycle. Biological behavior experiments suggest that BTG1 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of ECCs, and promotes apoptosis of ECCs. Western blot indicated that BTG1 inhibited the EMT process of ECCs.ConclusionsBTG1, as a tumor suppressor gene, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of EC. We believe that BTG1 can be used as a potential prognostic biomarker for EC.
Highlights
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the three major malignant tumors of the female reproductive system
A total of 43 studies suggested statistical differences in B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) mRNA levels between tumors and normal tissues, of which studies showed that BTG1 expression levels in tumors were significantly increased, and another studies showed BTG1 expression levels in tumors significantly reduced
BTG1 expression was increased in brain and CNS cancer, cervical cancer, head and neck cancer, kidney cancer, and other cancers
Summary
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the three major malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. The incidence and mortality rate of EC have increased. Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the sixth most common cancer among women worldwide. It is one of the most common tumors of the female reproductive system [1]. The incidence and mortality rate of EC has increased [2]. The risk factors for EC include elevated estrogen levels (caused by obesity, diabetes, and high-fat diets), premature menarche, being non-parturients, late desperate age, Lynch syndrome, grade ≥ 55 years old, and using tamoxifen [3]. The mortality rate of EC is directly related to poor prognostic factors driving tumor recurrence [4]. Li et al Cancer Cell Int (2020) 20:490
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