Abstract
Beta-lactam antibiotics are the most varied and widely used class of antimicrobials for the treatment and prophylaxis of bacterial infectious diseases. All the natural or synthetic derivatives of this group (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems and monobactams) are characterized by a beta-lactam ring with variable lateral chains that explain the pharmacokinetics properties and the antibacterial activity of each drug. Beta-lactam antibiotics are widely used, alone or in association, for more than 60 years because of several advantages including a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, a large diversity of the pharmaceutical forms, a good tissue and fluids distribution, a good tolerance and a low number of interactions with other medicinal products. The large success of this antibiotic group has contributed to a frequent overuse and to the development of bacterial resistances against all the beta-lactam antibiotics. The implementation of a policy to control antibiotic resistance is necessary among the community and in various settings of acute-care hospitals, extended-care and ambulatory-care facilities in order to preserve the efficacy of beta-lactam antibiotics.
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