Abstract
Brinjal (aubergine) is one of the most important vegetables in India but is prone to many diseases caused by insect pests, the most serious and destructive of which is the fruit and shoot borer (FSB) Leucinodes orbonalis. The extensive and indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides affects the environment and threatens human health. With the help of genetically modified technology, Bt brinjal was developed to provide resistance against FSB and as an alternative to chemicals used in controlling insect pests. Bt brinjal is produced by genetic transformation of a crystal protein gene Cry1Ac from soil borne bacteria, Bacillus thuringienesis. The proteins produced by the Bt genes bind to the receptors present on the insect’s membrane, resulting in the formation of pores on the membrane which disrupt the digestive process and lead to the death of the insect. Bt brinjal offers great potential to increase the income of farmers, improve food safety and reduce health hazards and environmental pollution.
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