Abstract
Brutalism, as a style in modern architecture, escaped from the architectural critic’s attention in Indonesia. This is due to the lack of building architecture influenced by this style, as well as the difficulty of distinguishing this style from monumentalism in architecture in Indonesia. Its existence cannot be separated from the development of the Architectural industry in Indonesia. The cement factory - which is the main raw material of concrete - has an impact on infrastructure growth in Indonesia. The establishment of the first cement factory in the Netherlands Indies (Indonesia) as well as in Southeast Asia named NV Nederlandsch Indisch Portland Cement Maatschaapij (NV NIPCM) in 1910 is one of the starting point of industrial development and architectural technology in the country. During the Old Order period, cement was the main raw material for infrastructure development. In line with the vision of the first President of the Republic of Indonesia, Ir. Soekarno, to build the character of a modern nation in the era of Guided Democracy (1957-1965), it must also be represented through the works of sturdy and durable monumental architecture. Meanwhile, during the New Order period, the development of Indonesian architecture was strongly influenced by the political condition and national stability, followed by the inclination to create Indonesian architectural identity with traditional concept. This paper attempts to discuss the link between modern architecture in Indonesia and Brutalism, in relation to the sociopolitical and technological aspects of the Old Order and the New Order. A Qualitative method that based on historical criticism was used to answer the question.
Highlights
Derrida once said at his interview with Eva Meyer, about the ‘Desire’ and ‘Spatialisation’ [8]
The sense of art, is intended as a manifestation of human aesthetic taste formed from elements in the form of lines, colors, light, which are composed in composition accompanied by proportions, patterns, and rhythms. This sense of art which acts a trigger in the form, proportion, pattern and impression that is embedded in the building of Brutalism
Gradually in the development process, along with the role of Le Corbusier in his efforts to lift the brut béton – which speaks of a strong dialogue between material and his artistic vision [14] – the concept of Brutalism accepted into a charismatic concept
Summary
Derrida once said at his interview with Eva Meyer, about the ‘Desire’ and ‘Spatialisation’ [8]. Because of its very basic concept, Brutalism architecture become a public target in European countries to rebuild after World War II with a minimal budget to create a new infrastructure that could sustain the people's welfare at that time. Soekarno began to build the vision of a modern Indonesian nation, with a form of architectural discourse that he assured can highlight Indonesia to the world. Soekarno has a great desire to build a solid and timeless monumental building Like his speech on the construction of the First National Mosque column (Istiqlal Mosque) :. Began a massive development in Jakarta, especially with the 4th ASEAN Games that was held in Jakarta in 1962 and the meeting of countries that are members of the New Emerging Forces (CONEFO) initiated by Soekarno. The indications are : 1) Vision of Modern Indonesia ; 2) The Development of Technology : Cement Industry ; 3) National Identity Through National Development Under the Reign of New Order (SocioPolitical Aspect) ; and 4) The Role of Architects
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