Bruns syndrome caused by intraventricular neurocysticercosis treated using flexible endoscopy

Abstract

Neurocysticercosis is the most frequent cause of hydrocephalus in adults in regions where the disease is endemic, including Latin America. The prognosis for intraventricular neurocysticercosis is worse than that for the intraparenchymal form of the disease, making treatment especially important. Although active and viable intraventricular cysts produce no reaction in the host, they can cause noncommunicating hydrocephalus, whose onset is frequently abrupt. Sometimes the increasing intracranial pressure due to obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct (ball-valve mechanism) is intermittent, producing relapsing/remitting symptoms; this life-threatening phenomenon is called "Bruns syndrome." Between 1996 and 2004, among a group of 285 patients with neurocysticercosis and Bruns syndrome caused by cysticercal cysts of the third ventricle was diagnosed in seven patients by using magnetic resonance imaging. An endoscopic procedure with a flexible cerebral endoscope was performed, intact parasitic cysts were removed, and a complete exploration was undertaken to look for more cysticercal cysts in the whole ventricular system and the subarachnoid basal cisterns. There were no deaths or complications. All seven patients were asymptomatic during a follow-up period ranging from 1 to 5 years. Flexible cerebral endoscopy allows one, in a minimally invasive manner, to approach the ventricular system and subarachnoid basal cisterns and to remove intraventricular neurocysticercal cysts. Flexible endoscopy is an alternative treatment for Bruns syndrome caused by neurocysticercosis of the third ventricle.