Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the world’s major zoonosis, caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. The world’s most widespread zoonosis affects cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and other animals, leading to abortion, infertility, and low milk yields. Humans acquire brucellosis from direct contact with livestock or from drinking unpasteurized milk. Brucella spp. are considered as the most common laboratory-acquired pathogens. Several serological tests have been widely used for diagnosis of Brucella such are Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), Standard tube agglutination test (STAT), complement fixation test (CFT), enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Besides these, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based identification and typing, fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) are also important diagnostic tools. The worldwide economic losses due to brucellosis are extensive. Although a number of successful vaccines are being used for immunization of animals still no satisfactory vaccine against human brucellosis is available. This review shows world literature and its impact to the history, epidemiology, virulence, diagnosis along with the control measures adopted in all over the world scenario including Indian.
Highlights
Impact on health and economyBrucellosis is a highly infectious zoonotic disease and an economically important infection of humans and livestock with a worldwide distribution
It has been documented beyond doubt, the possibility of human to human transmission of Brucella infection [5,6,7] i.e. humans carry the disease, but person to person transmission of brucellosis is very rare, transmission of the disease from human to human has been reported [8,9,10]
Sir David Bruce isolated the organism from the spleen of a patient while investigating an outbreak of a fatal disease known as Mediterranean or Malta fever, affecting British soldiers stationed on the island of Malta [22]
Summary
Brucellosis is a highly infectious zoonotic disease and an economically important infection of humans and livestock with a worldwide distribution It is a major veterinary and human public health problem in most parts of the world. Brucellosis is of economic concern in many parts of the world as it results in reduced productivity, abortions, weak offspring’s and major impediments for trade and export of livestock It can be transferred from animal to humans [4]. Brucellosis is known as intermittent typhoid, bang’s disease in cattle, contagious abortion, infection abortion, epizootic abortion This disease has been under reported from domestic animals from developing countries because of absence of national surveillance programs, diagnostic facilities and reliable data [15]. Bovine brucellosis has been eradicated in Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Hungary, the former Czechoslovakia, Rumania, and Bulgaria, as well as in other developed countries [20,21]
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