Abstract
The triticale cultivar BRS Harmonia has moderate resistance to leaf rust, is outstanding in grain yield and quality, and its flour is suitable for cookie baking. It is an excellent alternative as winter crop for the different grain production systems in south-central Brazil.
Highlights
The state of Paraná became the main producer of triticale in Brazil in the period between 2000 and 2012
The triticale cultivar BRS Harmonia has moderate resistance to leaf rust, is outstanding in grain yield and quality, and its flour is suitable for cookie baking
In 2013, the State became the major producer of this cereal, with a grain yield of 50,200 tons from 20,000 harvested hectares, and Paraná the second largest producer, producing 36,600 tons of grain on 16,500 hectares (IBGE 2014)
Summary
The state of Paraná became the main producer of triticale in Brazil in the period between 2000 and 2012. In the traditional producing States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, the harvested area declined sharply in the same period, from 20,000 in 2000 to less than 6,000 hectares in 2013. The increased disease incidence in triticale, mainly of leaf diseases, such as tan spot (Drechslera tritici-repentis), leaf spot (Bipolaris sorokiniana) and head blight (Gibberella zeae) in the cold and wet traditional producing regions, including the southern state of Paraná, possibly caused the migration of the crop to warmer and drier regions, such as northern Paraná and southern São Paulo, where the climate thwarts these diseases and triticale is better adapted by better tolerance to acid soils and drought, resulting in higher grain yields than those of other winter cereal cultivars. The most commonly planted genotype in Brazil, cultivar IPR 111, is highly susceptible to leaf rust; BRS Saturno is moderately susceptible; and BRS Minotauro has better resistance, but low seed availability.
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