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Abstract
The therapeutic potential of Sargassum siliquosum grown in Australian tropical waters was tested in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 12 rats and each group was fed a different diet for 16 weeks: corn starch diet (C); high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (H) containing fructose, sucrose, saturated and trans fats; and C or H diets with 5% S. siliquosum mixed into the food from weeks 9 to 16 (CS and HS). Obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, impaired glucose tolerance, fatty liver and left ventricular fibrosis developed in H rats. In HS rats, S. siliquosum decreased body weight (H, 547 ± 14; HS, 490 ± 16 g), fat mass (H, 248 ± 27; HS, 193 ± 19 g), abdominal fat deposition and liver fat vacuole size but did not reverse cardiovascular and liver effects. H rats showed marked changes in gut microbiota compared to C rats, while S. siliquosum supplementation increased gut microbiota belonging to the family Muribaculaceae. This selective increase in gut microbiota likely complements the prebiotic actions of the alginates. Thus, S. siliquosum may be a useful dietary additive to decrease abdominal and liver fat deposition.
Highlights
Seaweeds are a major industry worldwide, including a rediscovery of regional seaweed cuisines [1], but there are risks involved with some edible seaweeds [2]
We have reported that sulphated polysaccharides from the red seaweed Sarconema filiforme [26] and the green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera [27] reversed the cardiovascular, metabolic and liver changes induced by a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet in rats
Our hypothesis for this project was that the brown seaweed, S. siliquosum, as a source of non-sulphated and sulphated polysaccharides and fucoxanthin, reverses the signs of metabolic syndrome in this rat model [28]
Summary
Seaweeds are a major industry worldwide, including a rediscovery of regional seaweed cuisines [1], but there are risks involved with some edible seaweeds [2]. We have reported that sulphated polysaccharides from the red seaweed Sarconema filiforme [26] and the green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera [27] reversed the cardiovascular, metabolic and liver changes induced by a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet in rats Our hypothesis for this project was that the brown seaweed, S. siliquosum, as a source of non-sulphated (alginates and laminarins) and sulphated polysaccharides (fucoidans) and fucoxanthin, reverses the signs of metabolic syndrome in this rat model [28]. The major mechanisms for possible responses to S. siliquosum could include the prebiotic actions of polysaccharides including fucoidans and alginates in the colon by reducing the intestinal absorption of carbohydrates and fats and changing the gut microbiota, in combination with the anti-inflammatory effects of fucoxanthin [25] The combination of these polysaccharides with fucoxanthin in the dried seaweed may suppress the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the heart and liver. M[3a3x].imMuamximliukmelilihkoeolidho(oMdL(M) pLh) yplhoygleongeetnicettirceterseews ewreerecocnosntsrtuructcetdedininIIqqttrreeee wwiitthh sseeqquueenncceessddoowwnnloloadadeded frforommGGenenbbanankk
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