Abstract
Both brown adipocytes (BAC) and beige cells hold therapeutic potential for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Unfortunately, the amount and activity of these cells are limited in adults. Although BAC marker expression has been shown in peri-renal adipose tissues in children and adults, functional assessment is lacking. Furthermore, it is entirely unknown whether adipose progenitors are present in human embryo and able to give rise to BAC in situ during evolution. Therefore, adipose tissues in the interscapular and peri-renal regions were dissected from human embryo and subcutaneous white adipose tissues (sWAT) were obtained from an adult. After subjected to differentiation in vitro, adipocyte progenitors were detected present in all these adipose tissues. When stimulated for adipogenesis, differentiated adipocytes in the intercapular and peri-renal regions showed similar features: (1) induced BAC and beige cell marker expression including UCP1 and PRDM16 and comparable mitochondrion copy number; (2) similar gene expression patterns by RNA-Seq analysis; and (3) similar maximal oxygen consumption rates examined by respirometry. Nevertheless, stimulation of adipocyte progenitors in sWAT induces neither BAC and beige cell marker expression nor any change of oxygen consumption. In conclusion, peri-renal adipocyte progenitors in human embryo hold browning potential for BAC production.
Highlights
Carry similar protective properties against obesity by improving whole-body energy metabolism, increasing triglyceride clearance and attenuating of insulin resistance[14,20]
Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) in the peritoneal omentum region were isolated from an adult and served as the reference control
As adipogenic progenitors are defined as CD29+/CD31−/CD11b−/CD34+ expressing cells[29,30,31], stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells were stained with the antibodies against these markers for FACS
Summary
Carry similar protective properties against obesity by improving whole-body energy metabolism, increasing triglyceride clearance and attenuating of insulin resistance[14,20]. Specific deletion of PRDM16 in postnatal adipose tissues using adiponectin-Cre impedes browning of subcutaneous WAT but has minimal effects on BAT23. Functional assessment was done only in one group but failed to detect any difference in oxygen consumption using differentiated mesenchymal stem cells isolated from peri-renal adipose tissues[25]. Whether BAC exist in peri-renal WAT is not well defined It is yet unknown whether progenitor cells are present in neck and peri-renal regions of human embryo and give rise to BAC in situ during evolution. We isolated cells from fat tissues located in the neck and peri-renal regions in human embryo and investigated their brown adipogenic differentiation potential, thermogenic capacity, gene signature and metabolic function in vitro
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