Bronchoscopy in severe blunt chest trauma

Abstract

Extended lesions of the lung parenchyma are often seen in association with blunt chest trauma. Blood aspiration, atelectasis and the formation of bronchopleural fistulae can lead to early respiratory deterioration and the development of severe post-traumatic complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome). Diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopy is essential on admission. This procedure helps to estimate the severity and extent of parenchymal lesions even before chest X-ray signs are noted. Bronchoalveolar lavage is needed for removal of aspirates. In our study bronchoalveolar lavage on admission reduced bacterial contamination and pneumonia in comparison to patients not lavaged. A new method for closure of bronchopleural fistulae is described. Fibrin instillation after balloon catheter occlusion leads to a significant reduction of tidal volume loss (greater than 50% in average).