Abstract
This study aims to investigate the mechanism(s) included in the bronchodilation effect exerted by Nigella sativa. Ethyl acetate extract (NS.EA) was prepared using a maceration method. Adult albino rats were recruited for thoracotomy and removal of the trachea. After cutting into pieces, the tissue was set in organ bath. The influence of cumulative concentrations of ethyl acetate extract was examined on contractile responses of isolated trachea to acetylcholine using different blockers such as Nifedipine (Ca2+channel blocker), Tetraethylammonium (Ca2+-activated K+ channel blocker), 4-aminopyridine (voltage-dependent K+ channel blocker), Glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker), BaCl2 (inward rectifier K+ channel blocker), methylene blue (soluble gaunylate cyclase inhibitor) and indomethacin (non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor). Significant inhibition of bronchodilation was observed when tracheal rings were pretreated with indomethacin and BaCl2 with (P<0.001), and with methylene blue and nifedipine with (P<0.05). The IC50s were (5.635, 6.9, 7.86 and 4.987 mg/ml) respectively. Conversely, 4-AP, GLIB and TEA showed no significant changes in the bronchodilation induced by the extract. Therefore, The Emax value for indomethacin significantly reduced from 101.34 to 73.28%, BaCl2 from 53.62 to 30.31%, methylene blue from 55.78 to 38.94% and nifedipine from 101.34 to 80.88%. On the other hand, the Emax for 4-AP and GLIB were non-significantly reduced from 53.62 to 40.14 and 40.13% respectively; and TEA more or less unchanged to 54.34%. In general, ethyl acetate extract of N. sativa induces bronchodilation through four mechanisms (activation of Kir channel, non-selective cyclooxygenase and to lesser extent the soluble guanylate cyclase, and blockade of Ca2+ channel).
Highlights
The herb N. sativa is commonly known as black seed
The influence of cumulative concentrations of ethyl acetate extract was examined on contractile responses of isolated trachea to acetylcholine using different blockers such as Nifedipine (Ca2+channel blocker), Tetraethylammonium (Ca2+-activated K+ channel blocker), 4-aminopyridine, Glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker), BaCl2, methylene blue and indomethacin
The powder was extracted by maceration method, in which 1000 g of N. sativa powder was soaked in three liters ethyl acetate for 48 hours at room temperature, Whatman papers were used for filtration
Summary
The herb N. sativa (black cumin) is commonly known as black seed. It is belonging to the Ranunculacaea family (butter container). The indigenous areas are North Africa, South West Asia and Southern Europe, and grown in many countries around the world like those within the Center Eastern Mediterranean locale, Iran, India, Syria, Pakistan, Turkey and Southern Europe [1]. N. sativa has long been used as a remedy for many acute as well as chronic diseases [2]. It has gotten to be a family conventional therapeutic plant within the locale [3]. Nigella sativa has a long history of traditional folk use in various cultures and has been recognized as a “miracle remedy” for health promotion and disease control [4]
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