Abstract
Bronchiolitis is the commonest lower respiratory tract infection in infants needing hospital admission. It is caused by the virus mainly the respiratory syncytial virus. The infants typically present with initial upper respiratory symptoms such as rhinitis, nasal congestion and low grade fever which is followed by tachypnea recessions grunting apnoea and cyanosis in severe cases. Young age group, prematurity congenital heart diseases are the major risk factors for the severe disease. Diagnosis of bronchiolitis is mainly depended on clinical features. Clinical assessment of a child suspected with bronchiolitis should include clinical features to diagnoses the bronchiolitis and to assess the severity of the bronchiolitis. There is no definitive management for bronchiolitis. None of the drugs tried in the management of bronhiolitis have shown their efficacy in reducing the length of hospital stay, severity of the illness or improvement in the outcome. The main stay of management is supportive like minimum handling, supplementary oxygen, and care on fluid and nutrition and ventilator support whenever needed.
Highlights
Lower respiratory tract infections are the common cause for hospital admission in children
(2) Acute bronchiolitis is the commonest lower respiratory tract infection in infants and it represents the important causes of hospitalization in this age group.Hospital admission dueto bronchiolitis consumes significant burden on healthcare cost as the management needs oxygen and sometimes ventilator support in the intensive care unit
In June 2013, American Academy of Paediatrics revised the 2016 bronchiolitis guidelines and defined the bronchiolitis as a “constellation of clinical signs and symptoms occurring in children younger than 2 years, including a viral upper respiratory tract prodrome followed by increased respiratory effort and wheezing”
Summary
Lower respiratory tract infections are the common cause for hospital admission in children. They accounts for 20 -30% of inpatient hospital admission of children less than 5 year old. (1, 2) The leading cause of death among younger children is the lower respiratory infection. (2) Acute bronchiolitis is the commonest lower respiratory tract infection in infants and it represents the important causes of hospitalization in this age group.Hospital admission dueto bronchiolitis consumes significant burden on healthcare cost as the management needs oxygen and sometimes ventilator support in the intensive care unit They accounts for 20 -30% of inpatient hospital admission of children less than 5 year old. (1, 2) The leading cause of death among younger children is the lower respiratory infection. (2) Acute bronchiolitis is the commonest lower respiratory tract infection in infants and it represents the important causes of hospitalization in this age group.Hospital admission dueto bronchiolitis consumes significant burden on healthcare cost as the management needs oxygen and sometimes ventilator support in the intensive care unit
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