Bronchiectasis in Patients with the Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

Abstract

Background/objectives: the common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is known as the most prevalent symptomatic primary immune deficiency (PID) diseases, which is characterized by lower antibody serum levels as well as several infectious and noninfectious manifestations. In this regard, Bronchiectasis is considered as a common respiratory complication and a vital challenge in CVID cases. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of bronchiectasis and investigate its association with other manifestations in CVID patients. Methods: A total of 297 patients diagnosed with CVID according to the relevant criteria were included in the current study. The query was performed to collect the participants’ demographic data, clinical manifestations, and laboratory findings. The analysis was performed between the two groups of the study including CVID patients with bronchiectasis and those without it. Results: Overall, the prevalence rate of bronchiectasis was calculated to be 28.3%. Also, CVID patients with bronchiectasis had a significant higher prevalence rates of respiratory manifestations, recurrent infections, otitis, clubbing, lymphoproliferative diseases, urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal diseases, dermatologic infections, allergy, and autoimmunity compared to the group including the patients without bronchiectasis. Notably, no significant differences were observed in antibodies serum levels between the patients with and without bronchiectasis. Moreover, CD19+ lymphocytes and CD8+ lymphocytes had significantly lower and higher percentages in CVID patients with bronchiectasis compared to those without it, respectively. Conclusions: The higher prevalence of bronchiectasis in CVID patients might be correlated with some other severe respiratory and off-respiratory clinical complications. Therefore, these manifestations should be precisely managed to impede a serious condition of bronchiectasis in CVID patients.