Abstract
Present-day photonic terahertz (100 GHz–10 THz) systems offer dynamic ranges beyond 100 dB and frequency coverage beyond 4 THz. They yet predominantly employ free-space Terahertz propagation, lacking integration depth and miniaturisation capabilities without sacrificing their extreme frequency coverage. In this work, we present a high resistivity silicon-on-insulator-based multimodal waveguide topology including active components (e.g., THz receivers) as well as passive components (couplers/splitters, bends, resonators) investigated over a frequency range of 0.5–1.6 THz. The waveguides have a single mode bandwidth between 0.5–0.75 THz; however, above 1 THz, these waveguides can be operated in the overmoded regime offering lower loss than commonly implemented hollow metal waveguides, operated in the fundamental mode. Supported by quartz and polyethylene substrates, the platform for Terahertz photonic integrated circuits (Tera-PICs) is mechanically stable and easily integrable. Additionally, we demonstrate several key components for Tera-PICs: low loss bends with radii ∼2 mm, a Vivaldi antenna-based efficient near-field coupling to active devices, a 3-dB splitter and a filter based on a whispering gallery mode resonator.
Highlights
Integrated Active Photonic Devices.In the past few decades, huge advances have been made in creating sources and detectors working to bridge the so-called THz gap (0.1–10 THz)
We demonstrate several key components for Tera-photonic integrated circuits (PICs): low loss bends with radii ∼2 mm, a Vivaldi antenna-based efficient near-field coupling to active devices, a 3-dB splitter and a filter based on a whispering gallery mode resonator
We demonstrated broadband characterization of a dielectric waveguide architecture based on HRFZ-Si waveguides on crystalline quartz and HDPE substrates between
Summary
The waveguide losses, mode field diameter and the wave impedance are strongly frequency-dependent Despite these challenges, several groups successfully demonstrated dielectric waveguide integrated terahertz systems in the past decade. Photonic terahertz systems with a frequency coverage of several octaves [33,34,35] became competitive in terms of dynamic range, above These frequency components either result using a femtosecond laser pulse with >1 THz bandwidth or by mixing two (usually continuous-wave) lasers differing by the desired THz frequency (e.g., a 1550 nm laser and a 1558 nm laser). The support by rigid substrates ascertains mechanical rigidity and stability
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