Abstract
To increase the output power of microstrip line traveling-wave tubes, a staggered rings microstrip line (SRML) slow-wave structure (SWS) based on a U-shaped mender line (U-shaped ML) SWS and a ring-shaped microstrip line (RML) SWS has been proposed in this paper. Compared with U-shaped ML SWS and RML SWS, SRML SWS has a wider transverse width, which means SRML SWS has a larger area for beam–wave interaction. The simulation results show that SRML SWS has a wider bandwidth than U-shaped ML SWS and a lower phase velocity than RML SWS. Input/output couplers, which consist of microstrip probes and transition sections, have been designed to transmit signals from a rectangular waveguide to the SWS; the simulation results present that the designed input/output structure has good transmission characteristics. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results indicate that the SRML TWT has a maximum output of 322 W at 32.5 GHz under a beam voltage of 9.7 kV and a beam current of 380 mA, and the corresponding electronic efficiency is around 8.74%. The output power is over 100 W in the frequency range of 27 GHz to 38 GHz.
Highlights
High average power at millimeter-wave frequency, which is lightweight, low voltage, compact, and broadband, is demanded in many significant applications such as electronic counter measures, radar, and communications [1]
The model consists of 100 periods of staggered rings microstrip line (SRML) slow-wave structure (SWS), 6 periods of transition section, microstrip probes, rectangular waveguides, and a metal shielding box
The output power of the U-shaped ML Traveling-wave tubes (TWTs), which had almost the same phase velocity as the SRML SWS at 32.5 GHz, was obtained, as shown by the green line in TWT could be driven by an electron beam with a higher beam current when the current density was the same
Summary
High average power at millimeter-wave frequency, which is lightweight, low voltage, compact, and broadband, is demanded in many significant applications such as electronic counter measures, radar, and communications [1]. Traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) such as helix TWT [2], coupled-cavity TWT (CC-TWT) [3], and folded-waveguide TWT (FW-TWT) [4] show great potential in this frequency range due to high-power output or broadband. The conventional traveling-wave tubes are heavy, high voltage, or hard to fabricate at millimeter-wave frequency. The conventional microstrip line SWSs have the advantage of miniaturization and low voltage, but these are their flaws This feature of miniaturization leads to the small electron beam current used by the microstrip TWT, which causes the output power of the microstrip TWT to be relatively low. The fabrication of SRML SWS and the results are discussed and concluded in Sections 5 and 6
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