Abstract
Broadband multimode piezoelectric spherical shell transducers are investigated for underwater sound by exciting the zeroth and/or first order (0 + 1) extensional modes of vibration with and without acoustical baffles of different types. Measurements of the frequency response (transmit pressure per volt or TVR), radiation patterns and electromechanical impedance reveal useful tradeoffs and design guidance for many practical applications. Measurements are in good agreement with theoretical closed form analytical results.
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