Abstract
Active array antennas have been combined with cascaded Butler Matrices to produce high gain, narrow beam and highly linear, broad beam active antenna system. The output signals from the first Butler Matrix, which acts as a beamforming network, have high gain and narrow beam width for long distance communication. The outputs from the second Butler Matrix, which acts as a mirror of the first Butler Matrix, reconstructing the antenna patterns of the individual radiating elements, have high linearity and broad beam width that can be used for short distance communication.
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