Broad band behavioral modeling of on‐chip RF inductors and transformers

Abstract

AbstractThe broad band behavioral models of on‐chip inductors and transformers are extracted from sampled frequency response data. A linearized least square based model parameter extraction algorithm is used to obtain ‘s’‐domain rational function model. Model order is optimized to strike a balance between modeling error and time required for transient simulation of circuits consisting of on‐chip inductors and/or transformers. A new cost function is proposed to improve optimal model order selection. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is applied to maximize the nonconvex fitness function, associated with model order optimization. A modification of PSO algorithm is proposed to speed up optimal model order selection. While modeling on‐chip inductors and transformers, the proposed modeling technique extracts highly accurate, yet reduced order models, which are valid over a wide band width and are compatible with SPICE‐like simulators. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2212–2216, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22653