Broad autism phenotype traits and self-reported sensory processing across sensory modalities

Abstract

BackgroundDespite a longstanding connection between sensory processing and autism, sensory processing differences did not become part of the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) until the DSM-5. Emerging research suggests that differences in sensory processing may be related to broad autism phenotype traits in the general population. The present study adds to this literature by including a more comprehensive analysis of sensory modality and a measure of sensory gating that has not previously been related to ASD traits. MethodThrough Qualtrics, 152 participants met inclusion for the study and completed the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ), Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), and several sensory questionnaires. ResultsAs predicted, ASD traits were significantly related to all sensory questionnaires, suggesting that as ASD traits increased, sensory reactivity differences increased. Similarly, participants who scored over established cut-offs on the AQ and BAPQ endorsed a significantly higher number of sensory difficulties. Interestingly, some, but not all, sensory modalities, measured by the Adult Sensory Processing Scale (ASPS), predicted scores on the AQ and BAPQ. ConclusionsThese findings provide additional support for sensory processing being included in the broad autism phenotype and suggest that sensory processing may have consequential impacts, in both ASD and individuals without a diagnosis.