Abstract
Dilute alloys of lithium in lead have been investigated as possible grid alloys for use in lead-acid batteries. Cast grids can illustrate a time-dependent brittleness associated with mold temperature and alloy composition. For temperatures above theβ-to-β′ Li−Pb transformation, alloys exceeding room temperature solid solubility are initially ductile whereas samples tend to be brittle at temperatures below this transition. The nature of brittleness is discussed and the roles that the transformation occurring in the precipitate, coring, and grain boundary precipitation have in promoting brittleness are examined. It is shown that precipitation during aging contributes most to the embrittlement by formation of precipitate-free areas in the immediate vicinity of grain boundaries.
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