Abstract
Ionomers are interesting due to their applications in coatings, adhesives, films and packaging materials. A study of the underlying mechanisms for fracture in ionomers is consequently of both practical as well as theoretical interest. In this study, we employ high speed imaging coupled with uniaxial extensional rheometry to delineate the mechanics leading to the brittle fracture of ionomer melts. When these ionomers are elongated at a rate higher than the inverse relaxation time of physical crosslinks, an edge fracture occurs at a critical stress. Parabolic fracture profiles provide evidence that the phenomenon is purely elastic and bulk dissipation has little impact on the crack profile. Experimental results are interpreted within the Griffiths theory for linear elastic materials and the de Gennes theory for viscoelastic materials.
Highlights
Viscoelastic fluids are complex materials with properties intermediate between a solid and a liquid
We provide an experimental framework to investigate the fracture mechanism of ionomer melts synthesized via condensation of sulfonated pthalates with poly(tetramethylene glycol).[23]
Using a state of the art filament stretching rheometer coupled with a high speed imaging camera, we demonstrate that the ionomer filaments rupture via edge fracture
Summary
Viscoelastic fluids are complex materials with properties intermediate between a solid and a liquid. They behave as solid like on fast time scales and liquid like on slow time scales compared to the characteristic relaxation time.[1] Fracture is expected at high deformation rates compared to the inverse of the relaxation time of the material.[2] In solids this phenomenon is referred to as brittle fracture.[3] Amongst viscoelastic fluids, associative polymeric systems including self-healing rubbers[4] and physical hydrogels[5] have attracted the interest of researchers recently due to their importance in processing and application as polymeric materials. Understanding fracture is important for tailoring such materials that are tougher and stronger for practical applications
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