Abstract
Abstract This chapter sets out a detailed account of Britain’s capitalist transformation from the late seventeenth century. It emphasizes the agrarian origins of capitalism and the use of the state to enclose land. It connects this to the emergence of industrial capital and the class relations it creates. It shows how uncertain the rise of industry was and how it relied on an increasingly proactive state which saw economic growth as key to its position in Europe and the world. It shows how radically the economy transformed and the ways in which this generated broader social improvements. It also connects the rise of capitalism in Britain to empire. It concludes by showing how Britain’s capitalism created a global context for other countries.
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