Abstract
One of the major tasks in environmental protection is monitoring the coast for negative impacts due to climate change and anthropopressure. Remote sensing techniques are often used in studies of impact assessment. Topographic and bathymetric procedures are treated as separate measurement methods, while methods that combine coastal zone analysis with underwater impacts are rarely used in geotechnical analyses. This study presents an assessment of the bathymetry airborne system used for coastal monitoring, taking into account environmental conditions and providing a comparison with other monitoring methods. The tests were carried out on a section of the Baltic Sea where, despite successful monitoring, coastal degradation continues. This technology is able to determine the threat of coastal cliff erosion (based on the geotechnical analyses). Shallow depths have been reported to be a challenge for bathymetric Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), due to the difficulty in separating surface, water column and bottom reflections from each other. This challenge was overcome by describing the classification method used which was the CANUPO classification method as the most suitable for the point cloud processing. This study presents an innovative approach to identifying natural hazards, by combining analyses of coastal features with underwater factors. The main goal of this manuscript is to assess the suitability of using bathymetry scanning in the Baltic Sea to determine the factors causing coastal erosion. Furthermore, a geotechnical analysis was conducted, taking into account geometrical ground change underwater. This is the first study which uses a coastal monitoring approach, combining geotechnical computations with remote sensing data. This interdisciplinary scientific research can increase the awareness of the environmental processes.
Highlights
Global average temperatures are gradually increasing: this has far-reaching social and environmental consequences [1,2,3]
To accurately determine the effectiveness of using ALB technology in the Baltic Sea we assessed the results in terms of defining circumstances under which a landslide occurs
The primary factor preventing underwater measurements is the absorption of light by water molecules; spectral absorption by water molecules is the key to obtaining reliable bathymetry
Summary
Global average temperatures are gradually increasing: this has far-reaching social and environmental consequences [1,2,3]. Mitigating the adverse impacts of climate change can reduce the global financial and social risks it poses. The European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea [4] outlines three priority tasks: protecting the aquatic environment, connecting the region, and increasing prosperity. Utilisation of appropriate research tools, as well as cooperation between local authorities, businesses and academia can actively support climate change mitigation and adaptation. Threats to the coastline and coastal ecosystems can arise from both natural and anthropogenic sources: climate change amplifies natural processes, for example, the extent of dune sections that are in recession by erosion, abrasion or deflation has increased [5,6,7]. Natural or man-made deflation can cause dunes to move inland, forming low spits, which increase the possibility of flooding
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