Abstract
Recent outbreaks of louse-borne typhus in Russia1 and Burundi2 show the increased prevalence of body-louse infestation among the poor and homeless. Human beings are regarded as the principal reservoir of Rickettsia prowazekii, since infection is life-long. After the initial illness, bacteria remain latent for a long period and recrudescence, Brill-Zinsser disease, may occur up to 40 years after the initial disease. A few cases of this form of typhus are encountered each year in Eastern Europe and Russia3 and less than ten cases of Brill-Zinsser disease have been described in Western Europe and the USA since World War II.
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