Abstract
Photons are emitted during brain activity and when applied externally alter its functional connectivity during the resting state. In the present study we applied constant or time varying light (~10,000 lux) stimuli to one side of the skull and measured by photomultiplier tubes the photon density emitted from the opposite side of the skull along its two horizontal planes. Global quantitative electroencephalographic activity (QEEG) was recorded simultaneously. Reliable increases of ~2.5 × 10-11 W· m-2 during either constant or specific flash frequencies between 3 and 7 Hz as well as enhanced QEEG power in the theta and low beta range were measured. According to source localization by Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) the right parahippocampal region was particularly enhanced. Calculations employing known quantitative values for permeability and permittivity of brain tissue were consistent with this frequency band. Estimated concentrations of protons from hydronium ions indicated a Grotthuss chain-like process for moving photon energy through the cerebral medium may have mediated the distance-dependent latency. The results suggest that external light is transmitted through cerebral tissue, can be measured externally, and significantly affects functional connectivity. The findings support the conclusions of Starck et al. (World Journal Neuroscience, 2012).
Highlights
Within the last three decades there have been multiple reports of the emissions of Ultraweak Photon Emissions (UPE) from brain tissue [1]
Photons are emitted during brain activity and when applied externally alter its functional connectivity during the resting state
We have been examining the intricacies of photon emissions from the human brain, as measured by photomultiplier tubes (PMT), during protocols for imaging vs not imaging white light while subjects sat in complete darkness [6,7]
Summary
Within the last three decades there have been multiple reports of the emissions of Ultraweak Photon Emissions (UPE) from brain tissue [1]. Bokkon and his colleagues [4] reported that retinal tissue from rats emits photons in response to exogenous light stimulation, an observation compatible with several theoretical and quantitative solutions [5]. We have been examining the intricacies of photon emissions from the human brain, as measured by photomultiplier tubes (PMT), during protocols for imaging vs not imaging white light while subjects sat in complete darkness [6,7]. We asked the question if very bright light (about 10,000 lux) applied tightly against the skull could traverse cerebral space and be discerned by PMTs and affect the power of specific bands of quantitative electroencephalographic (QEEG) activity on the opposite side of the skull. We present evidence that reliable changes for both measures can be discerned
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