Bright light blocks the capacity of inescapable swim stress to supersensitize a central muscarinic mechanism

Abstract

Clinical and basic researchers have proposed that muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms mediate some effects of chronic stress. Chronic inescapable (forced) swim stress depletes brain biogenic amines and is used to produce learned helplessness in rats. Behavioral and biochemical characteristics of animals in the state of learned helplessness lead some investigators to believe this condition provides a useful animal model of depression. Inescapable swim stress also produces supersensitivity to the hypothermic effect of the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine in the rat. The authors previously demonstrated that bright light potently induces subsensitivity of a central muscarinic mechanism involved in the regulation of core temperature under a variety of circumstances. They now report using a repeated measures design that inescapable swim stress of five days duration produces supersensitivity to oxotremorine (increase in thermic response of 405%). This supersensitivity is reversed within five days by treatment with bright light, despite continuation of daily swim stress. Daily inescapable swim stress was continued beyond cessation of treatment with bright light. Five days later, supersensitivity to the hypothermic effect of oxotremorine was once again evident.