Abstract
The practical application of sustainability within the sewage treatment industry is discussed, with reference to the environmental, economic and social issues. Historically, the sewage treatment industry has been judged by its effluent quality, however treating sewage to high discharge standards is not necessarily consistent with other aspects of sustainability, such as greenhouse gas emissions. For example, the eutrophication concerns resulting from phosphates in sewage are better dealt with by removal at source; the knock-on effects of phosphate removal from sewage effluent are discussed with reference to their sustainability. Balancing the conflicting requirements of different aspects of sustainability will be difficult, and the legislation surrounding water quality and sewage treatment is inconsistent.
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