Abstract
A relaxor-based ferroelectric single crystal with the nominal composition of xPb(Sm0.5Nb0.5)O3-(0.7‒x) Pb(Mg1/3Nb1/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (x = 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03) was grown by the vertical Bridgman process. The electrical properties and the ferroelectric domains, as well as the luminescent characteristics of the single crystals, were investigated systematically. The piezoelectric coefficient d33 of the single crystals are slightly higher than that of the undoped PMN-PT single crystal under direct current polarization, while the crystal wafers gain a much higher d33 value upon being polarized with alternating current voltage. The single crystals possess a decreased phase transition temperature of around 60 °C and a decreased Curie temperature of 92~116 °C compared with the undoped PMN-PT single crystal. The crystal wafers polarized with alternating current voltage exhibited a desirable optical transmittance, which is associated with the domain structure changes inside the crystal medium. The domain density of the crystal wafers under alternating current polarization was significantly decreased compared with the direct current polarized crystal wafers. The luminescent spectra of the crystal wafers exhibit the typical emission peaks corresponding to the characteristic transition of Sm3+ ions in the crystal lattice.
Highlights
Published: 10 April 2021For a long time, traditional lead-based piezoelectric materials, such as Pb(Zr,Ti)O3(PZT) ceramics, were widely used in piezoelectric devices due to their better piezoelectric properties, good temperature stability, and mature manufacturing processes
The relaxor-based ferroelectric single crystals have been proven to be especially valuable for the applications of piezoelectric devices, such as medical ultrasonic imaging probes, ultrasonic actuators, and sonar transducers [7,8,9,10]
The polycrystalline material contained a little amount of pyrochlore phase, as a weak diffraction peak appeared at 20-29◦, no diffraction peak of the secondary phase was found, indicating that the Sm3+ ions had been well-diffused into the lattices of crystals
Summary
Traditional lead-based piezoelectric materials, such as Pb(Zr,Ti)O3. The relaxor-based ferroelectric single crystals, such as Pb(Mg1/3 Nb2/3 )O3 -PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) and Pb(Zn1/3 Nb2/3 )O3 PbTiO3 (PZN-PT), have been investigated as novel piezoelectric materials with ultrahigh piezoelectric performance [4,5,6]. Our previous investigations were performed on the rare-earthdoped PbTiO3 -based materials, such as Er3+ -doped PMN-PT single crystal, grown by the vertical Bridgman process, which were measured to exhibit improved electrical properties as well as up-conversion luminescence properties. We report a ternary solid solution single crystal with the nominal formula of xPSN-(0.70−x)PMN-0.30PbTiO3 grown by the vertical Bridgman process By adding another component, Pb(Sm1/2 Nb1/2 )O3 with appropriate ratios, Sm3+ ions were doped into the B sites in the ternary solid solution single crystal PSN-PMN-PT. The single crystals with different PSN component ratios were characterized systematically concerning dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties as well as the fluorescence emission
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