Bridging the gap between evidence-based practice and probiotic utilization among US adults: Results from a national survey

Abstract

Objectives: Recently published guidelines recommend probiotics for only a few indications. However, probiotics are widely utilized by consumers due to accessibility, perceived safety, and belief that they promote gut health. The objective of this survey study was to examine probiotic use, evaluate public knowledge regarding the risks and benefits of probiotics, and identify variables that predict the use of probiotics among US adults. Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted among a random sample of 1000 adults living in the US, from January 28 through February 13, 2019. Analysis was conducted with Chi-square tests and Pearson correlation with 95% confidence intervals and a significance level of 5% for all tests. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associations between survey respondents’ characteristics and use of probiotics. Results: Thirty-one percent of respondents stated they currently take or have taken probiotics daily, while 29% are considering future use. Sixty-four percent of daily probiotic users were taking probiotics without a medical provider’s recommendation. Six percent sought counseling from a pharmacist for over-the-counter products, including probiotics. A multivariate logistic regression showed that women, whites, 4-year college graduates, and younger respondents were more likely to report probiotic use. An additional logistic regression showed a significant conditional relationship between chronic illness, education, and white race (P<0.05). Conclusion: Guideline-recommended indications for probiotic use are limited. This study showed some respondents may be using probiotics unnecessarily. Pharmacists can educate the public about probiotic benefits and prevent unnecessary use of these products.