Bridging science and art: Auralization and visualization of the ocean soundscape

Digital data of all types are being created at an ever-increasing rate, doubling approximately every two years. Annual data creation rates are estimated to reach 44 trillion gigabytes by 2020 [1]. Similarly, the rate at which primary scientific data are being collected is accelerating [2]. This astounding growth in scientific data creation has led to the contemporary discussion of scientific data sharing policies. Many of the criticisms levied against data sharing have focused on practical issues such as the economics and logistics of data storage, technical challenges for doing so, or appropriate attribution of credit [2–9]. In contrast, the arguments in favor of data sharing have focused largely on scientific replication, reproducibility [10], facilitation of collaborative research, and increased citations for publications that share data [11]. This is largely an ethical argument wherein there is an obligation to share data collected using public funds [3–6,12,13]. Rather than focusing on the much-discussed arguments against data sharing—cost, infrastructure, curation, privacy, and attribution/credit concerns—in this Perspective, I outline the overlooked benefits of data sharing: novel remixing and combining as well as bias minimization and meta-analysis. I argue that we must consider the weight of the costs against the true value of the possible benefits. If the decision for any individual researcher, university, or funding agency to implement data sharing policies comes down to a cost—benefit analysis based solely on replication versus storage, the cost—benefit analysis may be artificially tipped in favor of not sharing data caused by overlooking more subtle—but critical—benefits. These hidden benefits of data remixing cannot be appreciated when considering each individual dataset as an independent entity, and thus a richer consideration of those benefits is warranted. Although there is some evidence that, on the local scale, research groups may not make use of shared data [14], in this Perspective, I outline the ways in which research groups are beginning to take advantage of open data in novel, and sometimes surprising, ways. Rather than arguing for a centralized, large-scale data repository, I am advocating for a more organic development wherein we, institutionally, encourage the growth of a data ecosystem. This can be done via multiple venues, such as the general scientific data sharing sites figshare (https://figshare.com/) or the Dryad Digital Repository (http://datadryad.org/), each of which, in addition to Nature Publishing Group’s recently launched peer-reviewed data sharing journal, Scientific Data [15], provides citable Digital Object Identifiers for the data themselves. Such developments are addressing concerns regarding credit and help motivate data curation and contextualization. A data sharing ecosystem provides space for multiple diverse datasets to intermingle to encourage new, multidisciplinary discoveries for current and future scientists.

Seismological observations provide a non‐invasive and continuous means for indirectly measuring fluvial bedload transport. A significant challenge remains in independently characterising the seismic signature of bedload transport from other sources such as turbulence. We present a unique dataset from an alluvial Scottish river, combining seismic data and hydroacoustic measurements, to analyse bedload transport during three high‐flow events occurring within the same year. By studying three successive events, we assess the consistency of bedload transport thresholds in response to changing flow conditions and explore the presence of hysteresis in seismic data versus water level as an indicator of coarse bedload transport. Through the use of hydroacoustic data to independently characterise bedload transport, our findings reveal that bedload transport occurred during all three events but that the threshold for entrainment varied. These entrainment thresholds were influenced by antecedent events, with a drop of 15%–20% of the threshold flow depth following the largest of the three events. In agreement with recent studies, we also found that hysteresis in the seismic versus water level data is not sufficient for identifying and analysing bedload transport: Distinct hysteresis was only observed during the largest of the three events despite all events experiencing bedload transport as observed through the independent hydroacoustic data. Our work shows the value in combining independent datasets for long‐term monitoring of bedload transport to understand the evolution in the thresholds of bedload motion, providing crucial information for effective river and land‐use management in a changing climate with potentially impacted high‐flow events.

Identifying seismogenic faults in offshore regions presents significant challenges, particularly in achieving their precise geometry and kinematics. Geological data derived from deep-sea exploration and geophysical surveys are commonly used to characterize offshore active faults together with earthquake hypocentral locations. However, limitations may arise in the quantity and quality of geophysical available data, inhibiting the realization of accurate 3D models. Furthermore, the precise relocation of seismic events is demanding, especially in the depth domain, due to the limited azimuthal coverage and the minimum station-event distance that is well beyond the mean depth of the events. In this context, an interdisciplinary approach becomes imperative to mitigate over-interpretation and over-simplification in defining the seismogenic sources and establishing an all-encompassing rupture model. By means of an interdisciplinary (geological, seismological, and geodetic) approach, we investigate the outermost Northern Apennines fold-and-thrust belt front in the Adriatic Sea (Italy) involved in the Costa Marchigiana Pesarese seismic sequence started with the 9 November 2022 Mw 5.5 mainshock. Given the proximity of the mainshock and the subsequent seismic sequence to the urbanized coastline, where several cities are situated, characterizing the activated faults and the related estimation of ground displacement becomes crucial for seismic risk assessment and the tsunamigenic potential. We analysed the geological setting of the area by means of an accurate interpretation of numerous seismic reflection profiles and well data acquired over the past decades, which complemented the publicly available seismic data. The interpretation of this dataset, provided by oil companies, led to an accurate definition of the thrust systems highlighting both the geometry of the activated sector of the thrust front and its relation to potentially active adjacent faults. Moreover, the results show the strong influence of past paleogeography and paleomorphology on the evolution and geometry of this sector of the fold-and-thrust belt, including the buttressing effect of carbonate platforms and inherited highs. The resulting 3D model was integrated with seismological data and geodetic observations allowing us to well highlight the activated portion of the fault plane: strong motion data and continuous GNSS stations hosted by onshore (storage centers) and offshore (seabed-anchored hydrocarbon platforms) infrastructures were jointly inverted to retrieve the Mw 5.5 coseismic rupture history.

We aim to trace the scenario of the use of controlled vocabularies as tools of research and work in the scope of representation and retrieval of information in institutions that have archival collections, in order to highlight the need for greater emphasis on the subject of representation of archival information in the academic field, increasing the visibility for the study and analysis of the collections in question and their contents, relevant to the information society. We investigate the current scenario of the use of controlled vocabularies in the archival collections of Rio de Janeiro, the theoretical-methodological changes arising from the impacts of information technologies on analysis, representation, such as classification and indexing, content retrieval, information needs in the contemporary world. The representation of information is associated with classification and retrieval of information to the organization of knowledge in information science. There is a gap in the archival area regarding the expression representation of information from the description of the nineteenth century. As for the theoretical-methodological aspect, there was a theoretical survey of the representation of information in publications in the interdisciplinary areas; as to the operational methodology, questionnaires were applied to information agencies on the use of controlled vocabularies, in relation to the treatment of information in archival collections. We conclude by demonstrating the importance of adopting the concept of information representation in archives, using controlled vocabularies associated with new information technologies and informational ecology, consolidating the area as a scientific and interdisciplinary field for information science.

The history of tourism research is one which is based on western epistemologies grounded in positivistic or post-positivistic research paradigms and by association a predilection to a quantitative research methodology. Other paradigms, methodologies, or interdisciplinary approaches have been and are utilised, however, they are relatively limited in number in regard to the primacy of literature associated with the hegemony of positivistic and postpositivistic paradigms. Given current world circumstances, should such a history continue to inform tourism and travel today? As readers would be aware, the closing decades of the twentieth century were punctuated with rapid social, cultural, technological, economic and political change along with a multiplicity of natural and human-induced 'disasters'; all on a scale and level that significantly contributed to global instability, uncertainty and unpredictability. Similar changes and disasters continue into the twenty-first century. The complexity of the resultant interactions and their distributions across global contexts, especially for tourism economics and management, have demonstrated that a reliance on past (hegemonic/dominant/western) practices, especially linear causal-effect explanations and reliance on historical patterns are proving problematic for explaining current and future tourism patterns and phenomena. New, marginalised and different world views (ontologies), ways of knowing (epistemologies), methodologies and methods as well as axiologies (morals and values) need to be used to provide (rapid and flexible) responses to travel and tourism issues to better serve the industry, to develop and refine theory as well as to understand the phenomenon of tourism in ever changing globalscapes and global interconnectivity. Based on action research over a ten year period of involvement in research and training in tourism economics and management along with the use of heuristic research processes, the following advances in tourism research are proffered in order to meet the current and future needs of tourism economics and management, especially for researchers and end-point users. The advances include: knowledge and use of a broader suite of research paradigms; understanding, awareness, incorporation and use of a variety of epistemological viewpoints; knowledge and use of qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods and indigenous methodologies; development, refinement and use of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches; collaborations across stakeholder groups; multimember team membership in order to represent the diversity amongst researchers and stakeholders; team skilling including cross-cultural capacity building; monitoring and mediation of power dynamics within teams and overall research projects; research foci which address local, regional and international spaces in an integrated manner; and multi-genre outputs to accommodate diverse stakeholder audiences.

Forms and functions of intertextuality in academic tweets composed by research groups

Twitter is being increasingly used in academia as a tool for self-promotion, information sharing, networking and public outreach. To achieve these purposes scholars combine a variety of semiotic resources afforded by this social networking site. The aim of this study is to analyse the use of multimodal semiotic resources to express stance and engagement in the Twitter accounts of research groups. The data for the study consist of 300 tweets taken from the Twitter accounts of four research groups in two different disciplines (Chemistry and Medicine). The analysis reveals a high number and variety of stance and engagement resources (the most prominent being attention-getting resources, self-mentions, and attitude markers), which help research groups to promote their research, make themselves saliently visible, establish interpersonal rapport with diverse audiences, and persuade these audiences to perform actions. In these tweets, stance and engagement are expressed by resources found in other academic genres (see Hyland, 2005b), but also by other resources afforded by the digital medium (e.g. static images, moving images, emoji, @mentions, hashtags). The study shows that these semiotic resources are orchestrated strategically to achieve the promotional, social networking and persuasive purposes of tweets composed by research groups.

<p>Presence of methane in the shallow sediments of the southern Baltic Sea area is a well-known phenomenon. In the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone (Polish EEZ), the observations were mostly based on hydroacoustic data, as well as sediment and water sampling. However, majority of the occurrences were reported in the eastern part of the EEZ (e.g., Gulf of Gdansk). Here we focus on the western part of the Polish EEZ (Pomeranian Bight) and combination of both hydroacoustic and seismic data to provide evidences of free gas in the shallow sediments.</p><p>Our study area is located in the inverted part of the Permo-Mesozoic Polish Basin, so called Mid-Polish Swell, with the main inversion-related fault zones: Adler-Kamień and Trzebiatów faults, rooted in the pre-Permian basement (Devonian, Carboniferous?).  Both the Permian and Paleozoic rocks are a proven hydrocarbon exploration play, with an ongoing exploration at the structural trend extending further onshore towards SE. We use seismic data acquired during the RV Maria S. Merian cruise in 2016 (cruise MSM52) with the co-located sub-bottom sediment profiler (Parasound) data.</p><p>Various signatures of shallow gas were identified across the seismic section including gas chimneys, shallow bright spots, seafloor polarity reversal and acoustic blanking. Seismic attributes were used to highlight and support interpretation of shallow gas anomalies. Anomalous zones in seismic data were observed in both the Cretaceous, Jurassic and Triassic section in the vicinity of the Adler-Kamień and Trzebiatów fault zones. Parasound data illustrated corresponding free gas accumulation in Pleistocene to Quaternary successions. Amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis was carried out at two locations of the assumed gas chimney. The gradient analysis from angle gathers shows clearly amplitude variations with increasing offset due to existence of gas in the formation, in addition, free gas amplitude anomalies were highlight in the intercept vs gradient crossplot.</p><p>Our data indicate existence of potential fluid migration pathways from the Permian-Paleozoic reservoirs to shallow sediments below the seabed and helps in explanation of how this free gas escapes to the sea bottom.</p><p>This study was funded by the Polish National Science Centre grant no UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02316. Cruise MSM52 has been funded by German Science Foundation DFG and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). We thank Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) for their support during seismic data acquisition and sharing the data.</p>

The ANTOSTRAT Legacy: Science Collaboration and International Transparency in Potential Marine Mineral Resource Exploitation of Antarctica

New 2D high-resolution seismic and hydro-acoustic data demonstrate the presence of methane in the shallow sediments and its origin in the Pomeranian Bight, south of the Baltic Sea area. Various shallow gas features including chimneys, bright spots, acoustic blanking, pockmarks, and polarity reversal were identified in the Gryfice block, along the inverted Trzebiatów fault zone. Structural and stratigraphic interpretation with support of seismic attributes shows the potential of fluid migration pathways from the Upper Triassic formation reservoirs to shallow sediments below the seafloor. It also helps in the explanation of how this natural gas escapes to the sea bottom. Amplitude-vs-offset (AVO) analysis proved free gas existence in the potential Upper Triassic reservoir, and helped locate free gas deposits within sediments. Hydro-acoustic data illustrated the gas chimneys’ anomalies and the corresponding free gas accumulation in Pleistocene to Quaternary successions. Leaking of gas to the seafloor was also proved by the exposure of pockmarks on multibeam (bathymetry) data at the seafloor. We combine seismic, hydro-acoustic data, and information on petroleum system from previous studies to explain the signatures of free gas and its migration from lower reservoirs to shallow sediments.

Considering Bourdieu’s thoughts we assume that research groups correspond to institutionalized agents that act constructing and challenging the symbolic and material capital in the core of science. Based on Stengers, when dealing with the constitution of scientific domains, we sought to identify and describe studies on “nutrient and eating” and “food”. The empirical setting defined for this study corresponds to CNPq’s Directory of Research Groups in Brazil, from 2000 to 2008. There, it was possible to identify, according to current procedures, which are based on the predominant area of each research group, according to the Table of Fields of Knowledge, the existence of 299 research groups in the area of “Food Sciences and Technology” and 171 groups in the area of “Nutrition” in 2008. Distinctly, we used keywords search associated with these scientific fields. We found research groups corresponding to the double of the number provided by CNPq. This mapping enabled to view more clearly some forces in motion in both fields. We highlight the possibility of viewing the research groups that make up the social space of knowledge and know-how production and human development in research on food, which is not clear in the information provided by CNPq. By valuing more interdisciplinary approaches, we understand that there is a need to review the Table of Fields of Knowledge as well as the names and composition of the decision-making bodies on scientific fields in order to include and facilitate the institutional consolidation of the scientific field of “Food and Nutrition” in Brazil.

Based on the interdisciplinary research approach, this paper discusses the impact of the interdisciplinary research approach on the development of marketing. In addition, because marketing can be regarded as a "complex system", the interdisciplinary approach has broad applicability in marketing. Therefore, this paper classifies various disciplines into five categories based on existing disciplinary classifications: formal sciences, natural sciences, social sciences, humanities and arts, and applied sciences. Then, marketing development under the influence of interdisciplinary research methods is summarized as "formal and natural sciences" and "social sciences, humanities and applied sciences". The interdisciplinary research of marketing through other disciplines enriches its theoretical foundation and provides practical guidance for real-life marketing activities.

A&QCuration as Decolonial Practice Laura Kina, Alexandra Chang (bio), Lawrence-Minh Bùi Davis (bio), and Thea Quiray Tagle (bio) Curation as Decolonial Practice Laura Kina this a&q brings three contemporary Asian American curators— Alexandra Chang, Lawrence- Minh Bùi Davis, and Thea Quiray Tagle— into conversation to discuss how their recent curatorial projects have created interventions in Asian American/Asian diasporic art. The feature focuses on how they have critically engaged with issues of representation, identity, and inclusivity, working both inside and outside institutions to effect change. As they shared their specific projects, the respondents reflected on broader issues of care, positionality, and decolonization in the arts. Four questions were posed, and they were invited to choose to answer one, all, or a combination of the following questions: 1. How did your curatorial project intervene in Asian American/Asian diasporic artistic representation and identity? 2. How did your project provide alternative and new approaches for community engagement? 3. How has your work as a curator decolonized museum or institutional spaces? 4. How does your curatorship dialogue with, enrich, or challenge the mainstream discourse of American art and contemporary art? Embedded within these four prompts were subquestions asking contributors to consider how they see their role as a curator; what inspired them to curate or organize their project; what their process and criteria were for selecting artists and artworks; or how they engaged aesthetics, form, or style. We asked whether the COVID- 19 pandemic or the U.S. summer 2020 racial reckoning impacted their programming and, if so, what changed. Did they use technology or other innovative organizing strategies to reach [End Page 46] audiences beyond the gallery and museum walls or more diverse audiences? We encouraged participants to talk about navigating institutional bias, structural racism, the pipeline for opportunities, funding, working inside and outside institutions, or navigating community partnerships and innovative collaborations. Why does this work matter beyond Asian America? What are the stakes? Their responses open a discussion on the possibilities and challenges of decolonizing art history and museums through Asian American/Asian diasporic curatorial practice. Relationality and worlding were reoccurring themes, with respondents emphasizing the important role of trust and care in their relationships with artists, institutions, and communities. As Thea Quiray Tagle writes, “What worlds are we purposefully and inadvertently creating through our curation, our writing, our teaching, and all our practices of being in relation?” Finally, questions of breaking down territorial, ethnic, and cultural boundaries were raised in Alexandra Chang’s work on Chinese Caribbean art and of breaking down barriers in genre in Lawrence- Minh Bùi Davis’s discussion of Asian American literature. Taken all together, their responses advocate for an activist curatorial practice that centers on listening, witnessing, and care. This starts with the decolonial work of looking inward and moves to action, as Davis writes, through “solidarity arts economy principles: cooperative structures, more equitable distribution of resources, and shared commitments to justice.” Relationships, Care, and Interrogating Curatorial Practice Alexandra Chang I am constantly interrogating my role as a curator and my positionality within projects. They shift with time and projects. And I, too, change, learning and emerging through new experiences. Several thoughts often surface with the terminology of curator: the ideas of selection, of presentation, of organizing, of maintaining. These are very institutional terminologies. I’ve recently been thinking about the idea of Care in terms of curation and the institution, along with conversations that I’ve been having with a group of artists, writers, and curators calling ourselves “godzilla eleven.” And I’ve been thinking about Care during the pandemic in terms of the care of those who may be most at risk, those who are not [End Page 47] getting care, and also in relation to family, friends, and colleagues. How do we practice care every day—in our own relationships with the people both in and outside of our institutions, groups, and direct communities. How do we break down the institutional structures and terminologies that other us into objects or labor to foreground practices of relationships and balance? Perhaps more intimate person- to- person ideas of care, relationship building, and collaboration are at the foundation...

Fault Zones and Stress Fields in the Sedimentary Fill of Lake Baikal: Tectonophysical Approach for Seismic and Hydroacoustic Data Interpretation

Seismic analysis of the gas hydrate system at Pointer Ridge offshore SW Taiwan