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Abstract
In this study, a first attempt is made to bridge capillary-driven fragmentation and grain transport using a mixed columnar-equiaxed solidification model. Grain transport is an intrinsic feature of the employed solidification model which has been extensively investigated over the years. Regarding the capillary-driven fragmentation event, a new correlation between the number of fragments and interfacial area density of the columnar structure was recently established by Cool and Voorhees (2017) based on experimental research under isothermal conditions. Here, we propose to modify Cool and Voorhees’ equation to extend its range of applicability to the solidification-dominant stage without destroying the agreement with the reported measurements in the coarsening-dominant stage. With this improvement in the mixed columnar-equiaxed solidification model, capillary effects can be isolated from the motion of the phases during fragmentation events, which facilitates understanding of the results. Under pure diffusive solidification conditions (no flow or crystal sedimentation), the simulation results were validated against phase-field simulations. In more realistic scenarios where liquid flow and fragment sedimentation are both considered, the simulations indicate very reasonable results for the detection of columnar-to-equiaxed transition, which suggests that the newly proposed model can be an important tool for industrial casting applications. Moreover, flow direction and intensity were shown to affect the potential for local fragmentation.Graphic
Highlights
DENDRITE fragmentation is a well-known solidification phenomenon that influences the formation of as-solidified microstructures
The fragmentation formulation was extended to non-isothermal conditions by modifying the original equation for the number of fragments proposed by Cool and Voorhees[10]
The curves from both simulations are plotted against the local solidification time, whereas the classical Scheil equation assumes that solidification starts immediately from the liquidus temperature
Summary
DENDRITE fragmentation is a well-known solidification phenomenon that influences the formation of as-solidified microstructures. Dendrite fragments, which are naturally produced during solidification and coarsening, may be transported out of the columnar mushy zone into the bulk melt region and survive the superheat. If they continue to grow into equiaxed dendrites, they can lead to a structural. VOLUME 52A, OCTOBER 2021—4609 transition called columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET).[1] Despite its technological significance, controlling such a microstructural transition has not been established in the industry. A comprehensive understanding of dendrite fragmentation and its coupling with multiphase transport phenomena is still to be achieved
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